Sedimentary provenance of sandstones in the Parnaíba Basin (NE Brazil)
Keywords:
Parnaíba Basin, sedimentary provenance, u-pb geochronology, heavy mineralsAbstract
This paper aims at recognizing the provenance signature of the triassic-paleozoic sandstones in the Parnaíba basin, NE Brazil, through the application of conventional techniques used in Sedimentology and Geochronology. The petrographic study and heavy mineral analyses show that the deltaic and fluvial sandstones were affected by intrastratal dissolution processes and paleopedogenesis, thus making the identification of original provenance markers difficult. The most common resistant minerals are zircon, tourmaline and rutile, with limited presence of staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, epidote and garnet. This paragenesis, together with the evaluation of paleocurrents and the petrographic identification of schist clasts, points to the contribu-tion of metasedimentary rocks as a potential source of detritus for the filling of the basin. The similarity observed among the detrital zircon-age spectra of all the units studied is indicative of the recurrence of Paleo and Neoproterozoic sources. The Paleoproterozoic source is dominant in the cratons that circum-scribe the Parnaíba Basin, as well as in the basement of the Neoproterozoic provinces, in this case not forming a decisive population to differentiate individual sources. The Neoproterozoic is characterized by two principal populations: the Stenian-Tonian and the Ediacaran. The persistent presence of the Stenian-Tonian in all of these units leads to a direct correlation with the rocks related to the Cariris Velhos event, which occurred between 1050-900 Ma ago, strongly indicating the Borborema Province as a principal source-area of the detritus. During the continent forming stage in the Triassic period, it was possible that internal recycling processes were domi-nant. Contrary to the other units, the population of ages associated with the Cariris Velhos event of the Sambaíba paleodesert is subordinated in a certain extension similar to the standard defined by the fluvial and deltaic sandstones from the Serra Grande Group, suggesting that they would be available as a topographical source uplifted by the Aeolian removal of the detritus.
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